Problem Detail: If we have a quantum state consisting of (let’s say) 3 entangled qubits and we read the value of one of them, what happens to the probabilities of the remaining possible states? For example, if we have three entangled Read More …
Category: Uncategorized
[Solved]: Z-score relations to perceptrons
Problem Detail: I am learning about preceptrons and my professor noted that z-scores are a commmon pre-processing step to normalizing input variables. Following this, I am having trouble understanding why z-scores are useful when training a preceptron? My current understanding is Read More …
[Solved]: 1-to-1 cryptographically secure bit shuffling
Problem Detail: Given an input item (N bytes), I’m looking for a function that will map this to an output (still N bytes). The function should have the following qualities: It should be 1-to-1 so that all inputs map to some Read More …
[Solved]: How to draw a graph to disprove this statement?
Problem Detail: The Problem: Indicate whether the following statements are true or false: a. If e is a minimum-weight edge in a connected weighted graph, it must be among edges of at least one minimum spanning tree of the graph. b. Read More …
[Solved]: What is a fixed point in the context of Roger’s fixed-point theorem?
Problem Detail: In the Wikipedia article on Rogers’ theorem, it is stated that all total computable functions have a fixed point. The notation is a little hard for me to understand; a symbol is used that is used to denote “semantic Read More …
[Solved]: What does it mean to say that there doesn’t exist an algorithm from a TM point of view?
Problem Detail: A TM for a recursive language corresponds to our informal notion of an algorithm. as per Automata Theory, Languages and Computation by Ullman et al. Then there are languages called RE and $L_d$, where there exist TM that Read More …
[Solved]: Modification of Hamilton Path
Problem Detail: Although I know that the Hamilton Path problem is ${sf NP}$-complete, I think the following variant can be solved in polynomial time: Given a planar graph with vertex set $V$, edge set $E$, start node $S$ and target node Read More …
[Solved]: Equality testing of arrays and integers in a procedural language
Problem Detail: In terms of references and their implementation on the heap and the stack, how is equality testing for arrays different from that for integers? This is to do with Java programming, if you have a stack and a heap, Read More …
[Solved]: About Codd’s reduction algorithm
Problem Detail: Codd’s Algorithm converts an expression in tuple relational calculus to Relational Algebra. Is there a standard implementation of the algorithm? Is this algorithm used anywhere? (It seems that the industry only needs SQL and variants, I’m not sure about Read More …
[Solved]: Complexity classes that are closed under subtraction
Problem Detail: Are NP or P closed under subtraction? Im having a hard time deciding whether they are or aren’t. Question was edited Original question: Im having some hard time figuring out what languages are closed under subtraction. Say you have Read More …
